If you've used an AI chatbot for more than a few minutes, you've probably run into the word “token”, in a pricing page, an error message about hitting a limit, or a note about a model's “context window.” Tokens are the basic unit every large language model actually reads and writes in. Understanding them helps explain why a long conversation suddenly gets cut off, why the same prompt costs different amounts on different models, and why a document that looks short to you can q

FII (-₹5,779 Cr) and DII (+₹35,099 Cr) Activity in Indian Equity Markets: July 2026 Every trading day, two large pools of capital shape the direction of Indian equities: Foreign Institutional Investors (FIIs) and Domestic Institutional Investors (DIIs). Their daily buying and selling numbers, published by the exchanges, offer one of the clearest windows into how confident overseas money and domestic money are feeling about Indian stocks at any given moment. The July 2026 data

The Employees' Provident Fund is a mandatory retirement fund for most salaried employees, run by the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation, with contributions from both employee and employer. The Public Provident Fund is a voluntary, government backed savings account open to any individual, including the self employed, with no employer involvement at all. An Equity Linked Savings Scheme is a category of equity mutual fund that happens to carry a tax deduction and the shortes

Yes, You Can. Here Is How It Actually Works A demat account can be opened in a minor's own name, at any age, including for an infant, with a parent acting as natural guardian or, where no parent is available, a court appointed legal guardian. Either parent, mother or father, can act as guardian, but only one guardian is permitted per account, not both parents jointly. The minor is the legal beneficial owner of everything held in the account. The guardian is the one who actual

Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana is a government backed small savings scheme available exclusively for a girl child, opened through a post office or an authorised bank before she turns 10, run by a parent or legal guardian on her behalf. Mutual funds are general purpose investment vehicles with no gender restriction and no dedicated child only version, run either in the parent's own name or, less commonly for reasons covered below, in the child's own name. SSY currently pays 8.2% a y

A Telegram channel with a hundred thousand subscribers sends out a morning message: buy this small cap stock, target price 40 percent above current levels, stop loss below. An Instagram page run by someone calling themselves a market expert posts a stock tip with a confident buy rating. A brokerage firm publishes a detailed note on a large cap company with earnings estimates, a valuation model, and a 12 month price target. All three of these involve someone recommending what

Every two months, within minutes of the Reserve Bank of India announcing its rate decision, Bank Nifty moves, sometimes sharply, occasionally in a direction that seems to contradict the headline number entirely. A hold gets sold off. A cut gets shrugged at. The explanation is that an RBI decision is never really one signal reaching the banking system all at once. It is several signals, travelling through banks' balance sheets at noticeably different speeds, and sometimes pull

Open almost any major Indian investing app today and it will offer you some flavour of AI: a chatbot that summarises your portfolio, a research assistant that reads the news for you, a nudge that talks you out of a risky trade at eleven at night. Scratch beneath the marketing and a more basic, less flattering question surfaces first. Most of what gets called a robo advisor in India is not, legally, an adviser at all, and understanding why matters more than evaluating any sing

For most of the last decade, the rule of thumb was simple. Public sector banks carried the bad loans, private banks kept clean books, and that single distinction shaped how depositors, investors and even bank employees thought about the two camps. The Reserve Bank of India's latest Financial Stability Report, published June 30, 2026, tells a more complicated story. System wide gross non performing assets have fallen to a multi decade low of 1.8% as of March 2026, and at the v